A Neighborhood Electric Vehicle (NEV) is a United States Department of Transportation
classification for speed-limited battery electric vehicles. The NEV provides the driver
with an alternative to expensive fossil fuels and an opportunity to take charge of their
carbon emissions. The NEV operates on only a fraction of the fossil fuels as a
standard vehicle by plugging into a standard outlet at home. By using solar or wind
power to generate the electricity for these vehicles, they have to the potential to run
using no fossil fuel.Community Designs
Most modern communities within the USA are designed to separate neighborhoods
from commercial and other areas, connecting them with relatively high speed
thoroughfares on which NEVs cannot go, legally or safely. Unlike with bicycles,
specialized routes and rights-of-way are usually unavailable to NEVs.
As a result, these vehicles are most common in communities that provide separate
routes for them or generally accommodate slow speed traffic, such as traditional
"grid" street plans found in older urban areas. Some retirement and golf club
communities are specifically designed, sometimes with alternative arterial road
bypass routes and some including an additional "mini garage" in the house designs. State Regulations
Regulations for operating an NEV vary by state. However, the Federal Government
preempts states and local governments from requiring safety equipment beyond
Standard 571.500. Generally, they must be registered, and the driver must be
licensed. Because airbags are not required the NEV cannot normally travel on
highways or freeways. NEVs in many states are restricted to roads with a speed limit
of 35 mph (56 km/h) or less.